FORMING THE FOUNDATIONS OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE COURSE OF THE SUBJECT «DEFENCE OF UKRAINE»

Abstract

The article analyses the problems and prospects of national-patriotic and military-patriotic education in Ukraine in the context of current challenges, in particular Russia's large-scale invasion, and the role of education as a key element of national security. The focus is on reforming the subject «Defense of Ukraine» which is seen not only as a means of basic military training, but also as a tool for shaping national and civic identity, defense consciousness, and social cohesion. The topic is particularly relevant in times of war, when preserving statehood and territorial integrity requires citizens to realize independence as the basis of their existence and to be ready to defend it. Education is defined as a strategic factor that influences the patriotic sentiments of young people and the strengthening of society. The author emphasizes the need to update the content and methods of teaching «Defense of Ukraine» to adapt them to modern realities. The study is based on the analysis of scientific works of domestic and foreign authors who study national security, civil society, and patriotic education. Particular attention is paid to the module «Fundamentals of National Security», which is proposed to be integrated into the subject to develop an understanding of the principles of security and the role of citizens in ensuring it. The experience of countries such as the United States, Israel, the United Kingdom, and the Scandinavian countries in preparing young people for defense is compared, which can be adapted to Ukrainian conditions. The article describes in detail the new philosophy of Defending Ukraine, which moves away from outdated Soviet approaches to building defense awareness through practical training, gender-sensitive methods, and civic education. The program includes innovative projects such as trainings and analysis of real-life scenarios that motivate students to participate actively. It is noted that education should become a barrier against armed and humanitarian aggression, contributing to the development of democratic values. The methodological foundations of teaching are improved through the introduction of innovative forms of education. The key principles of teaching that contribute to the formation of students’ active citizenship, readiness to defend the state and awareness of their own role in ensuring national security are summarized. The conclusions emphasise that the reform of 'Defending Ukraine' is a step towards training young people who are aware of their responsibilities and capable of defending the state. However, the success of this reform depends on overcoming pedagogical and organisational challenges, attracting specialists, and making use of modern technologies. The paper is of practical importance for educational policy and strengthening Ukraine’s national security.